EFFECT OF CIRCUIT TRAINING ON CARDIO-RESPIRATORY ENDURANCE AMONG ADOLESCENTS

In the contemporary age, an inactive lifestyle is a burning issue. In the context of Pakistan, majority of the adolescents are victims of sedentary lifestyles leading to various chronic problems like cardio-respiratory diseases. In this regard, regular training is considered a medicine and cure to restrict chronic problems. This study focuses on how adolescents' cardio-respiratory endurance is affected by circuit training. This study comprised of an experimental, randomized controlled trial and pre/post-intervention study design. The intervention was conducted at the Government College of Management Sciences in Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Twenty-four participants were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=12) and the control group (n=12). Before starting the intervention, a pre-test was conducted and then the experimental group was engaged in circuit training intervention whereas the control group was not engaged in intervention. At the end of the intervention, a post-test was conducted. The change in cardio-respiratory endurance for 16–19-year-old participants differed significantly between the experimental group (Heart Rate 8.083±3.423, Respiratory Rate 2.750±1.357) and control group (Heart Rate .667±2.309, Respiratory Rate -.333±1.371) (p>0.05) in favor of the experimental group. Circuit training intervention is effective in increasing cardio-respiratory endurance among adolescents.


Introduction
Circuit

Materials and Methods
The purpose of this study is to look at

Statistical Analysis and Results
An

V
by circuit training.After getting ethical approval from The Government College of Management Sciences, Haripur male adolescents aged 16-19, who were studying at the Government College of Management Sciences Haripur, in the city of Haripur, province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were selected for the current study.In this context, the researcher selected 24 students randomly and categorized them based on inclusion criteria into an experimental group (EG n=12) and a control group (CG n=12).The participants of the experimental group were engaged in a circuit training protocol (five days a week for twelve weeks).Four-minute warm-up leading to the Training Protocol and a 4-minute cool down after the protocol were among the important considerations of the intervention.
Table 2 showed a significant difference in the Heart Rate of participants of the experimental group which points towards a constructive effect of circuit training on the heart rate of participants.In the pre-test, the heart rate (mean±SD) was 94.83±7.158and at the end of the 12-week circuit training Sports Sciences and Physical Education Review (SSPER) Volume 2. Issue 1, 2023 6 intervention heart rate (mean±SD) was 86.75±6.166t-value of 8.179 and a p-value of .000less than the significant alpha value of 0.05.The reason behind the reduction in Heart Rate was regular circuit training.The results clearly showed that regular circuit training can reduce the heart rate among adolescents.Also, an insignificant effect on the Resting Heart Rate of participants in the control group points towards a negative effect of not participating in any type of exercise.In the pre-test, the heart rate (mean±SD) measured was 94.50±6.289and Heart Rate EG Before and After Intervention at the end of 12 weeks, the heart rate (mean±SD) was 93.83±5.132t-value1.000 and the p-value of .339greater than the alpha value of 0.05.The results clearly showed that not participating in any type of exercise may harm our heart rate, leading to different chronic diseases.Heart Rate CG Before and After Intervention 2. Andersen, L. B., Harro, M., Sardinha, L. B., Froberg, K., Ekelund, U., Brage, S., & Anderssen, S. A. (2006).Physical activity and clustered cardiovascular risk in children: a cross-, R. B., Herur, A., Patil, S., Shashikala, G. V., & Chinagudi, S. (2011).Effect of short-term pranayama and meditation on cardiovascular functions in healthy individuals.Heart Views: the official journal of the Gulf Heart Association, 12(2), 58. 4. Atakan, M. M., Güzel, Y., Bulut, S., Koşar, Ş. N., McConell, G. K., & Turnagöl, H. H. (2021).Six highintensity interval training sessions over 5 days increase maximal oxygen uptake, endurance capacity, and submaximal exercise fat oxidation by as much as 6 high-intensity interval training sessions over 2 weeks.Journal of sport and health science, 10(4), 478-487. 5. Baye, E. (2019).The Effects of Circuit Training on Selected Physical Fitness Components of Male Students Football Player on Alember Preparatory School.(Doctoral dissertation).6. Butcher, S. K., Judd, T. B., Benko, C.

Sciences and Physical Education Review (SSPER) Volume 2. Issue 1, 2023
(Khanum et al., 2005)e a lot of benefits), it must include both strength and aerobic exercises Sports (Baye, 2019).There are several techniques to develop a circuit including body weight, weight, and dynamic workouts.keepmovingfor a long time, as well as their resistance to, ability to recover from, and immunity from stress, wounds, or tiredness, are all instances of endurance (also related to sufferance, resilience, constitution, fortitude, and hardiness)(Khanum et al., 2005).Also,

Sports Sciences and Physical Education Review (SSPER) Volume 2. Issue 1, 2023
Children reach adolescence when they achieve 50% of their adult body weight, go through puberty, become sexually mature, and undergo a remarkable change in their brains.While physical fitness has a direct impact on one's health and serves as the cornerstone of healthy adulthood (Son & Kim, 2012).Exercise may help maintain a healthy weight, strengthen bones and muscles, boost the capacity to do everyday chores, and enhance cognitive health (McPhee et al., 2016).People who spend less time sitting and exercising at any intensity between moderate and intense have considerable health benefits (Piercy et al., 2018).Moreover, children and adolescents who engage in appropriate physical exercise benefit from increased strength, balance, and body composition.Numerous industrialized nations have nationwide initiatives to motivate children to improve their physical fitness, such as Trimming 130 in Germany, Sports Sciences and Physical Education Review (SSPER) Volume 2. Issue 1, 2023 IV and EUROFIT in Europe.To assess students' al.,2014).Low blood pressure, low LDL (low-density lipoprotein), and high HDL (high-density lipoprotein) levels are

Table 1 .
Circuit Training schedule for 12-weeks

Table 2 .
Paired sample T-test showing the difference between Pre and Post-test Heart Rate (Experimental and Control Group)

Table 3 .
Paired sample T-test -the difference between Pre and Post-test Respiratory Rate (Experimental and Control Group)

Table 3
shows a significant difference in the Respiratory Rate of participants of an experimental group which points towards a constructive effect of circuit training on the Respiratory Rate of participants.In the pretest, the Respiratory rate (mean±SD) was 22.25±1.815and at the end of the 12-week

Sports Sciences and Physical Education Review (SSPER) Volume 2. Issue 1, 2023
Respiratory Rate EG Before and After Intervention Respiratory Rate CG Before and After Intervention Discussion During the Pre-test, the mean value of rate at the end of the intervention.It shows that if you daily engage in a circuit training exercise 5 days a week can improve your resting heart rate.On the other hand, the pretest value of the heart rate for the control group was 94.50±6.289whereas, at the end harm his heart health after some time.It means that if an individual's heart rate is normal now and he is not exercising after

Sports Sciences and Physical Education Review (SSPER) Volume 2. Issue 1, 2023 VIII some
time his heart rate may affect his health.